Inventors:
- Chicago IL, US
Nigel Hajj BECKNELL - Glen Ellyn IL, US
Pietro Papa LOPES - Woodridge IL, US
Dusan STRMCNIK - Lemont IL, US
Vojislav STAMENKOVIC - Naperville IL, US
International Classification:
H01M 10/054
H01M 4/505
H01M 4/66
H01M 4/62
H01M 4/587
H01M 2/16
Abstract:
An alternative grid energy storage system is described herein. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell comprises a high specific surface area cathode (e.g., a cathode comprising a carbon nanofoam paper, a carbon nanotube mesh, a particulate carbon material, electrolytic manganese dioxide, or a manganese dioxide film), a zinc or lead anode (e.g., Zn or Pb foil), a selective ion-conductive separator that does not conduct zinc ions (e.g., a NAFION sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer-copolymer separator) between the anode and the cathode, and an aqueous electrolyte comprising a manganese salt (e.g., aqueous manganese sulfate) contacting the electrodes and the separator. A battery comprising two or more of the electrochemical cells electrically connected together in series, parallel, or both, also is described.