Donald E Yorde

51378272, Aug 11, 1992

Sep 25, 1990

7/590599

Susan J. Mroczkowski - Franklin WI
Kenneth A. Siegesmund - Brookfield WI
Donald E. Yorde - Colgate WI

Midwest Research Technologies, Inc. - Milwaukee WI

C12N 1114
C12N 1100
G01N 3353
G01N 33563

435288

A method is disclosed for detecting the occurrence of a binding or complex-forming reaction between specific substances by utilizing the binding reaction to modify an electrical circuit, and then measuring a change in the electrical state of the circuit. A diagnostic element useful in such a method includes a layer of a biogenic substance, such as an antigen, coated onto a non-conductive base between a pair of electrical conductors superposed on the base. Antibodies which react with the antigen are treated so that they become bound to fine electrically conductive, metallic particles. The electrically conductive particles having antibody bound thereto are then added to the antigen layer deposited on the base and allowed to react therewith. Electrically conductive particles are thereby bound to the base due to the binding reaction between the antigen and antibody to thereby form aggregates of electrically conductive particles which modify the circuit. The method of the invention is highly useful for the detection of antigens and antibodies in the blood serum of a human patient.

52847489, Feb 8, 1994

Apr 10, 1992

7/867045

Susan J. Mroczkowski - Franklin WI
Kenneth A. Siegesmund - Brookfield WI
Donald E. Yorde - Colgate WI

Immunotronics, Inc. - Milwaukee WI

G01N 2704
G01N 33543
G01N 3353
C12Q 168

435 6

A method is disclosed for detecting the occurrence of a binding or complex-forming reaction between specific substances by utilizing the binding reaction to modify an electrical circuit, and then measuring a change in the electrical state of the circuit. A diagnostic element useful in such a method includes a layer of a biogenic substance, such as an antigen, coated onto a non-conductive base between a pair of electrical conductors superposed on the base. Antibodies which react with the antigen are treated so that they become bound to particles. The particles having antibody bound thereto are then added to is the antigen lay e base and allowed to react therewith. The particles are thereby bound to the base due to the binding reaction between the antigen and antibody to thereby form aggregates of electrically conductive particles which modify the circuit. The particles are then selectively coated with a conductive substance. The method of the invention is highly useful for the detection of antigens and antibodies in the blood serum of a human patient.

42359600, Nov 25, 1980

Jul 29, 1977

5/820286

Edward A. Sasse - Brookfield WI
Donald E. Yorde - Milwaukee WI

The Medical College of Wisconsin, Inc. - Milwaukee WI

G01N 3114

435 7

A competitive enzyme-linked immunoassay for a soluble analyte in which the analyte in the unknown sample and the same analyte attached to a solid phase (immunosorbent) compete for a selected quantity of a soluble first antibody to the substance; a second or bridging antibody is then linked to any first antibody linked to the immunosorbent as a result of the competitive reaction, following which a soluble enzyme/antibody immune complex is linked to bridging antibody on the immunosorbent. The enzymatic activity associated with the thusly-formed enzyme-immunosorbent complex or with the non-immunosorbent fraction of enzyme is measured to determine the presence and/or concentration of analyte in the unknown sample.

47940891, Dec 27, 1988

Mar 25, 1986

6/843982

Susan J. Mroczkowski - Franklin WI
Kenneth A. Siegesmund - Brookfield WI
Donald E. Yorde - Greenfield WI

Midwest Research Microscopy, Inc. - Milwaukee WI

G01N 3353

436501

A method is disclosed for detecting the occurrence of a binding or complex-forming reaction between specific substances by utilizing the binding reaction to complete an electrical circuit, and then measuring a change in the electrical state of this circuit. In a preferred embodiment, a layer of antigen is coated onto a non-conductive base between a pair of electrically conductive layers superposed on the base. Antibodies which react with the foregoing antigen are treated so that they become bound to fine electrically conductive, metallic particles. The electrically conductive particles having antibody bound thereto are then added to the antigen layer deposited on the base and allowed to react therewith. Electrically conductive particles are thereby bound to the base due to the binding reaction between the antigen and antibody to thereby form aggregates of electrically conductive particles which bridge the electrically conductive layers and complete the circuit. Such a method is highly useful for the detection of antigens in the blood serum of a human patient.