Arthur C Switchenko

6426204, Jul 30, 2002

Jun 7, 1995

08/476394

Charles Garrett Miyada - Mountain View CA
Arthur C. Switchenko - Palo Alto CA
Melanie W Quong - La Jolla CA
Man-Ying Laurie Wong - Fremont CA

Dade Behring Marburg GmbH - Marburg

C12N 904

435190, 435 26, 435 34, 4352554, 435921, 435924

A D-arabinitol dehydrogenase enzyme is disclosed. The enzyme is capable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-arabinitol and substantially incapable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-mannitol and is substantially free of other enzymes capable of oxidizing D-mannitol. Also disclosed are methods for determining D-arabinitol. In one embodiment the method comprises the steps of providing in combination (1) a medium suspected of containing D-arabinitol and (2) a D-arabinitol dehydrogenase enzyme and examining the medium for the product of the oxidation of the D-arabinitol. The enzyme utilized is capable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-arabinitol and substantially incapable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-mannitol. Kits for conducting the present method are also disclosed.

57668744, Jun 16, 1998

Jun 7, 1995

8/479069

Charles Garrett Miyada - Mountainview CA
Arthur C. Switchenko - Palo Alto CA
Melanie W. Quong - La Jolla CA
Man-Ying Laurie Wong - Fremont CA

Syntex (USA) Inc. - San Jose CA

C12Q 132
C12N 904
C12N 116

435 26

A D-arabinitol dehydrogenase enzyme is prepared that is capable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-arabinitol and substantially incapable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-mannitol and is substantially free of other enzymes capable of oxidizing D-mannitol. The enzyme is preferably obtained from Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 or Candida shehatae. The enzyme may also be obtained by recombinant DNA technology. Monoclonal antibodies are produced against the enzyme and can be used to identify the enzyme. The enzyme is used for detecting the presence of Candida in a host such as detecting Candida infection in a patient by determining the presence of D-arabinitol in a sample. The oxidation of D-arabinitol by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD. sup. +) is catalyzed by the enzyme and the amount of NADH produced in a given time is determined. Also prepared is a composition containing the enzyme and NAD. sup.

56706901, Sep 23, 1997

May 31, 1995

8/455920

Arthur C. Switchenko - Palo Alto CA
Nurith Kurn - Palo Alto CA
Christian Neukom - Mountain View CA
Marcel Pirio - San Jose CA
Donald E. Berger - San Jose CA
Edwin F. Ullman - Atherton CA

Behringwerke AG - Marburg

C07C30504

558 31

Compounds having detergent properties are disclosed. When a modifying reagent is brought into contact with these compounds, the detergent properties are decreased. These compounds are useful, for example, as solubilizing agents for microbial antigens and/or antibodies and for reversibly wetting hydrophobic surfaces. Accordingly, methods are disclosed for increasing the hydrophilic properties of a material, such as a microbial antigen and/or antibody, the methods generally comprising the steps of contacting the material with the compound having detergent properties and a modifiable group, and modifying the compound with a modifying reagent. Kits are also disclosed for use in accordance with this methodology.

52720543, Dec 21, 1993

Mar 26, 1992

7/857883

Arthur C. Switchenko - Sunnyvale CA
Edwin F. Ullman - Atherton CA

Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. - Palo Alto CA

C12Q 100
G01N 33567

435 4

A method of assay for isotopically exchangeable analytes is disclosed. Analytes are labeled by enzymatic exchange of a hydrogen atom of the analyte and a deuterium or tritium atom. Preferably, analytes are labeled by reaction with an oxidant, a reducing agent which contains a deuterium or tritium atom, and an enzyme capable of catalyzing the reversible exchange of a hydrogen atom between the analyte, the oxidant, and the reducing agent. Kits for conveniently performing the assay methods are also disclosed.

62809881, Aug 28, 2001

Jun 7, 1995

8/487946

Charles Garrett Miyada - Mountain View CA
Arthur C. Switchenko - Palo Alto CA
Melanie W Quong - La Jolla CA
Man-Ying Laurie Wong - Fremont CA

Dade Behring Marburg GmbH - Marburg

C12N 904

435190

A D-arabinitol dehydrogenase enzyme is disclosed. The enzyme is capable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-arabinitol and substantially incapable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-mannitol and is substantially free of other enzymes capable of oxidizing D-mannitol. Also disclosed are methods for determining D-arabinitol. In one embodiment the method comprises the steps of providing in combination (1) a medium suspected of containing D-arabinitol and (2) a D-arabinitol dehydrogenase enzyme and examining the medium for the product of the oxidation of the D-arabinitol. The enzyme utilized is capable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-arabinitol and substantially incapable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-mannitol. Kits for conducting the present method are also disclosed.

54515173, Sep 19, 1995

Mar 3, 1995

8/400417

Charles G. Miyada - Mountain View CA
Arthur C. Switchenko - Palo Alto CA
Melanie W. Quong - La Jolla CA
Man-Ying L. Wong - Fremont CA

Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. - Palo Alto CA

C12N 904
C12N 116
C12N 100

435190

A D-arabinitol dehydrogenase enzyme is disclosed. The enzyme is capable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-arabinitol and substantially incapable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-mannitol and is substantially free of other enzymes capable of oxidizing D-mannitol. Also disclosed are methods for determining D-arabinitol. In one embodiment the method comprises the steps of providing in combination (1) a medium suspected of containing D-arabinitol and (2) a D-arabinitol dehydrogenase enzyme and examining the medium for the product of the oxidation of the D-arabinitol. The enzyme utilized is capable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-arabinitol and substantially incapable of catalyzing the oxidation of D-mannitol. Kits for conducting the present method are also disclosed. The D-arabinitol dehydrogenase in purified form has all of the characteristics of a D-arabinitol dehydrogenase which is obtainable from Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 or Candida shehatae.

51167263, May 26, 1992

Jul 25, 1988

7/223501

Arthur C. Switchenko - Mountain View CA
Nurith Kurn - Palo Alto CA
Christian Neukom - Mountain View CA
Marcel Pirio - San Jose CA
Donald E. Berger - San Jose CA
Edwin F. Ullman - Atherton CA

Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. - Palo Alto CA

C12Q 170

435 5

Compounds having detergent properties are disclosed. When a modifying reagent is brought into contact with these compounds, the detergent properties are decreased. These compounds are useful, for example, as solubilizing agents for microbial antigens and/or antibodies and for reversibly wetting hydrophobic surfaces. Accordingly, methods are disclosed for increasing the hydrophilic properties of a material, such as a microbial antigen and/or antibody, the methods generally comprising the steps of contacting the material with the compound having detergent properties and a modifiable group, and modifying the compound with a modifying reagent. Kits are also disclosed for use in accordance with this methodology.

55321380, Jul 2, 1996

Jun 21, 1994

8/263164

Sharat Singh - San Jose CA
Arthur C. Switchenko - Palo Alto CA
Cheng-I Lin - Cupertino CA
Nurith Kurn - Palo Alto CA
Edwin F. Ullman - Atherton CA

Behringwerke AG - Marburg

G01N 33546
C12Q 128

435 793

Methods and compositions are disclosed for determining a peroxidatively active catalyst. The methods comprise the step of detecting a substance formed by the coupling reaction of (a) the product of the peroxidatively active catalyst-catalyzed oxidation of a benzidine with (b) a coupler other than benzidine. The methods have application in a wide variety of systems including assays for analytes. Also disclosed are kits for conducting methods and assays in accordance with the present invention.